Traditional methods of marketing used to focus on covering a large number of customers with the same advertising methods and did not consider the various customer preferences. Despite the high cost of advertising, a small number of target customers were being attracted by these methods. With the advancement of information technology, Internet, e-commerce, e-business and e-marketing development models, companies can collect user, information in real-time and at a lower cost. The rapid growth of customer data, competition and new IT capabilities have forced companies to improve marketing strategies by taking direct relationship with customers and execute one-to-one marketing. Response modeling can also be employed to increase the chance of success in one-to-one marketing by identifying the customers who are more likely to respond to marketing activities. In this paper, the weaknesses of mass marketing and the need to move towards new methods of marketing have been proposed. After that, the evolution of marketing strategies from mass and traditional marketing to one-to-one electronic marketing by using information technology has been presented. Then it outlines the main components of one-to-one marketing. By applying the concepts that have been presented in this paper, Companies can identify and apply the main components of one-to-one marketing. Therefore, they can attract new customers, encourage existing customers to buy and maintain loyal customers. As a result, they can be more successful in their marketing activities and increase their profits.

The purpose of this study is to provide a model for the market for the sale of new goods using the one-to-one marketing method. Since in applied research, the main goal is not only scientific discovery, but also to test and study the application of knowledge, so the method of this research is applied in terms of purpose and has been done by exploratory method. The data collection method is mixed (quantitative and qualitative) and the data collection tool is interviews with experts by conducting specialized interviews in Delphi method and a questionnaire. Therefore, 375 people from the market of selling new goods by one-to-one marketing method (in the quantitative section) and 17 experts and specialists in this field (in the qualitative section) participated in this research. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential methods through SPSS 16 and Smart PLS software. After conducting research, the results showed that: systematicity, technology orientation, design orientation, market orientation, resource use, the basis of efforts for new goods, conceptualization of new goods, and finally new product management,Under the heading of market components of selling new goods by one-to-one marketing method,Approved. Model fit tests showed the validity of the model.

Purpose: Due to the great damage that Corona has inflicted on the tourism industry, neglecting the future of tourism marketing can pose a serious challenge to this industry and economy and have irreparable consequences. The purpose of this study is to identify key factors, drivers and future scenarios of the tourism marketing.Method: The present study is applied-developmental in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical in nature and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of methodology. The method of this research is scenario writing using MicMac software to identify key drivers and scenarios with Wizard scenario software.Findings: First, the future trends and meta-trends of post-corona tourism marketing were identified, of which 41 key trends and 8 meta-trends were identified. According to experts, 19 key factors in the future of tourism marketing in post- corona were identified using the cross-impact analysis and questionnaire completion. Then, using the cross-impact analysis questionnaire and with the help of the Wizard scenario software, two groups of favorable and unfavorable scenarios were identified.Conclusion: Based on the research results, there are two favorable scenarios and two unfavorable scenarios that can help marketing and tourism policy-makers and decision-makers to take into account the effective factors and scenarios proposed for proper planning of industry in the post-Corona era.

Objective There is a general tendency toward direct marketing these days. Therefore, instead of designing advertisement and marketing strategies for all the customers in the market, it is recommended to classify the customers based on clustering techniques and then design specific strategies accordingly. This will reduce marketing and advertisement expenses, increase sale department efficiently, build closer and quicker relationships with different customers and etc. There are a variety of clustering methods. Provided that clustering means classifying customers in different groups with maximum similarities within the groups and maximum difference among the groups, it may not be appropriate to apply such a rule in clustering customers (people) due to their nature. Hence, fuzzy clustering technique seems more appropriate for customers because there are no absolute borders considered among different groups just as the market suggests. This study, then, aims to emphasize on this concept in order to apply fuzzy clustering on market. Methodology This practical research is descriptive-exploratory in nature of data collection. The statistical population includes all the customers of a mobile company, but due to availability issues only a part of their customers would be involved in the present study. A questionnaire including 6 questions was distributed among those customers and only 760 were correctly responded. Finally, EXCEL and S-PLUS were used to analyze the data. Findings The data in this study include three different parts of information. The first part includes some indexes selected for analysis of the clustering. Second part concerns with the customers service usage such as distant phone calls, free calls and wireless services. The third part refers to other mobile services provided for each customer. This part is presented in a binary fashion deciding whether a customer has received a specific service or not. Such services include activating more than one mobile line at the moment, using voicemail, paging, internet and other services. This algorithm was used to conduct fuzzy clustering in the present study. Following applying fuzzy clustering, only 2 clusters were judged appropriate for such data. The first cluster includes customers with lower income, job stability and lower loyalty to the mobile company, while the second cluster includes customers with higher income, higher job stability and more loyalty to the mobile company. The customers in the first cluster used services like free calls, wireless networks and pay phones. On the other hand, the customer in the second cluster mainly used services like distant calls and rarely used wireless services. In general, we can claim that paging services were the highest requested and then there are voicemail services, internet, and e-pay services respectively. The two clusters reported to have a similar tendency in using services such as voicemail, multi-lines, conferencing; yet, they were different in services like paging, internet, call forwarding (diverting), call waiting and epay services. At the end, mobile companies can set marketing strategies based on such findings. Conclusion It is suggested that mobile companies focus on general advertisements and distant call services, but only a little focus on wireless services. They can also put more thought on services like paging, voicemail, internet and e-pay services respectively. It is also recommended that, for female customers (mostly within the first cluster), the companies should focus on pay phone services, distant calls, and free calls as well as voicemail and internet. On the other hand, for male customer with higher job stability, it is suggested to focus the most on distant call services and provision of special discounts with this regard, but the least on wireless and pay phone services. Besides, voicemail services, paging, call waiting, call forwarding and e-pay services should be the mobile company’ s priority for male customers.

Given the competitive market in the banking industry, the importance of customer relationship management in the industry is increasing day by day, one of the most important elements of which is active and effective marketing. Therefore, in this research it has been tried to identify and investigate the factors affecting the success of marketing activities, taking into account the application of data mining tools. Those factors that make bank customers more willing to take advantage of long-term deposits in the bank. In fact, the results of this study will help to increase the rate of return on direct marketing in the banking industry, which has been less considered in previous studies. To this end, the data set related to the telemarketing campaign conducted at one of the branches of Tejarat Bank in the period from May 2016 to September 2018. This paper is based on the type of applied research in sight of the objective of the research and from the perspective of the methodology of the research, is a mixed type, i. e., both qualitative and quantitative. The decision variable of this problem is the result of the success or failure of the telephone marketing activity. First, for identifying customers using the K-Means clustering algorithm, data are divided into six clusters. In the next step, C5 and CART decision tree algorithms were used to identify the factors affecting the success of the marketing campaign. As a general conclusion of the implementation of the three mentioned algorithms, it can be said that, in comparison with other variables, the time variable of the conversation with the client has the greatest effect on the decision of the person about the opening of the deposit. It should be noted that since the time period and place of data gathering in this research have been limited, the results of this study are not likely to be generalized to the other banks.

Dear Editor-in-ChiefDairy sector in Pakistan plays an important role in national economy with annual milk production of about 33 million tonnes, making it fourth largest milk producing country in the world (1). De-spite this, Pakistan is facing a number of problems in quality milk production. Lack of dairy-related education, commercial dairy farming, presence of middleman milk system, lack of financial and infrastructure facilities and absence of appropriate milk adulteration test system at field level (2) result in various health problems such as cholera, skin diseases, hepatitis, blood pressure, and kidney disorders.

Introduction: For a successful root canal treatment, canal must be obturated apically, coronally and laterally to prevent microleakage and canal reinfection. Cold lateral condensation is the most popular method of canal obturation; an easy method with a controlled filling. Cold lateral technique disadvantages are presence of void, possible vertical root fracture, and absence of a homogenous and condensed filling. In some techniques like one-step, heat is used to soften gutta-percha for better adaptation to canal walls. The purpose of this study was to compare of the apical microleakage in roots obturated with one-step and lateral condensation techniques.Methods and materials: In this in invitro study ninety extracted human maxillary central incisors, canines, and mandibular premolar (single rooted teeth) were instrumented to a size 40 file and step back flaring was performed to a size 80 file. Apical patency was ensured in all teeth. The teeth were divided into two experimental groups of 40 each and two positive and negative control groups. In the first experimental group, the roots were obturated with lateral condensation gutta-percha technique and AH26 as a sealer. In the second experimental group, the roots were obturated with one-step technique and AH26 according to the instruction of manufacturer. All roots were placed in humidor with 100% humidity and incubated at 37oc for 3 days to allow the sealer to set. After achieving coronal seal, the roots were coated with two layers of fingernail polish and one layer of stickywax except for the apical 2-3mm and then placed into India ink and incubated at 37oc for 72h. The roots were removed from the dye, fractured longitudinally and liner dye penetration was measured.Results: The mean apical dye penetration in laterally condensed technique and one –step technique were 3.60±2.03 mm and 4.00±2.23 mm respectively. Dye penetration in negative control group was zero, and in the positive control group dye pentrated through all the canal system. Statistical analysis of the results did not show significant difference between two groups.Conclusion: Although there was no statistical difference in the sealing ability of laterally condensed and one-step techniques, further in vivo and in vitro studies are needed to prove the clinical abilities of one-step technique.